Extended abstractIntroduction: Goods and services that are provided by Ecosystems in favorable environmental conditions, for the welfare of humans, are called Ecosystem services. Recreational Ecosystem service, which is in the category of cultural services, is one of the most valuable services in urban Ecosystems, which increases the physical and mental health of the urban residents. Recreational value is defined as the capacity of Ecosystems to provide recreational opportunities such as walking, cycling, plant and animal viewing, running and outdoor sports. Due to the importance of Ecosystem services, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and quantifying recreational services in Behbahan county.Materials and methods: In this study, a combination of Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images was used to prepare a land use map for 2021. The image was prepared with the maximum Likelihood algorithm in 12 class. Outdoor recreation was also modeled by the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) method. In this model, the final recreation map is classified into 9 classes. This model can be used in almost all surveys of the landscape and it is a practical process with principles that force managers to justify management from the three perspectives of resource protection, opportunity for public use, and meeting favorable conditions in the region.Results and discussion: The results of recreational Ecosystem service supply in Behbahan county show that the sixth Category (Medium provision - not easily accessible) and the eighth Category (High provision - accessible) in the current situation have the highest and lowest land cover, respectively. The places in the northeast of the region have the highest recreational potential due to the location of the Maron Dam and the protected areas of the city. In addition, there are no human activities and aggregation of urban areas in these Places. In the center of the region, due to the accumulation of urban areas and the network of roads, the recreational potential is at its lowest. Also, parts of the south and west of the region have relatively favorable recreational potential. The composition of the area cover in these parts includes water areas and dense range. According to the results, recreational opportunities were affected by topography. Because in the northern landscape, due to the mountainous nature and other natural attractions (water bodies, forests and protected areas), there are more recreational opportunities than the center and other parts which is located at lower altitudes and is mainly covered by human activities. In addition, places with low population density and far from the city center and roads always show a higher opportunity for recreation.Conclusion: According to the results, understanding the environmental effects of land use change and urban sprawl on recreational Ecosystem service may help to achieve cost-effective results in the future. In this regard, policymakers and planners of Behbahan county should focus on improving leisure opportunities in the central, southern, western and southwestern regions. Due to the fact that recreational Ecosystem service in Behbahan county is different in different places, thus, this result highlights the importance of using the value of Ecosystem services in urban planning and policy priorities.

This study is the first effort by Iranian scientists to provide insight to the many benefits and services that forest and rangelands offers to society, and the extent to which the human race is vitally dependent on them. Without a firm understanding of the value of these systems we are unlikely to make many of the hard choices and compromises needed to protect them. In this study the least marginal monetary value of eleven forests and rangelands Ecosystem services including gas regulation, plants genetic reverse diversity, pollination, soil formation, biological control, flood control, hydrological current control, water erosion control, wind erosion control, and ecotourism in fivefold vegetative regions of Khazar, Arasbaran, Zagros, Iran-toran and Khalij-e Omani (Oman gulf) with surface area of about 162155626 acres have been estimated at 427528 billion rials annually (47.9 billion dollars/year). This amount equals approximately 43% of GDP and four times of Iran’s agricultural added value in 2003. Taking into account the 1.73% share of the market services value of forests and rangelands in GDP, the significance of nonmarket services value of these resources in comparison to market goods will stand out obviously.

Background and Objective: Mankind always need to Ecosystem services and goods to survive, but there has been the problem of no market to valuation of this services and assume those being free. Ecosystem services valuation studies have considerably increased our knowledge of the value of Ecosystems. Ecosystem services valuation can be interpreted as asking about the value of the current flow of benefits provided by that Ecosystem, or about the value of future flows of benefits and also, be asking about the value of conserving that Ecosystem rather than converting it to some other use. Valuation is not a single activity, and the seemingly simple question ‘, how valuable is an Ecosystem? ’,Because Ecosystem services are not fully negotiable in commercial markets, or they are not quantifying so that comparable to financial services and productive investment and they often little importance in politics, there are need to methods for their valuation. Given that understanding the principal and proper use of valuation methods, can help to policy makers and planners in order to design appropriate and effective Sustainable development policies related to environmental problems. Materials and Methods: This study has studied the subject through literature review and applying internet databases, and is trying to answer to this important question, how Ecosystem services valuation affected environmental planning using to consider the concepts and methods of valuation of Ecosystem services. Results: Key concepts about Ecosystem services were stated and the different types of of Ecosystem goods and services values and their valuation approaches such as direct valuation approach and revealed preferences and expressed preferences and their shortcomings were introduced and investigeted. Discussion and Conclusions: Ecosystem economic valuation, provides useful information for planning, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources to planners and executives, social and economic managers by estimating the quantitative value of Ecosystem functions, goods and services.

BACKROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mangrove silvofishery, a unique system that combine aquaculture with mangrove forests, presents a promising sustainable solution for Indonesia's coastal communities. However, in order to achieve broad implementation, it is essential to bridge the existing knowledge gap concerning the economic and environmental benefits associated with it. The aim of this study was to assess the four primary services rendered by the Blanakan mangrove silvofishery area in Subang District, West Java: carbon sequestration, fisheries productivity, nature-based tourism, and bird sanctuary.METHODS: Carbon storage was calculated by conducting vegetation surveys and utilizing allometric equations, which took into account both aboveground and belowground biomass. During the vegetation survey, data regarding the types of mangrove plants and the diameter of each tree at breast height was gathered. To quantify fisheries production, interviews were conducted with area managers and pond farmers who are engaged in silvofishery practices within the region. The point-count method was used to inventory the diversity of bird species. The analysis of natural tourism services encompassed an examination of visitor statistics, the state of the mangroves as a popular tourist destination, and the range of tourist activities available.FINDINGS: The study revealed the high capacity of the mangrove stands at the study location for carbon storage, with an estimated 137.9 tonnes carbon per hectare aboveground and 79 tonnes carbon per hectare belowground. Local communities actively engage in silvofishery practices within the Blanakan mangroves, cultivating fish and shrimp, with an average annual income of around 1,513 United States dollar per hectare. 2. The natural beauty of the Blanakan mangrove area attracts tourists with its diverse Ecosystem and opportunities to see crocodile breeding facilities. Visitor numbers vary, averaging around 128 people per month until mid-2023. The Blanakan mangroves are home to a total of 23 bird species, contributing to a species diversity index of 2.1. Two species with significant conservation value were found: the critically endangered Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher (Alcedo euryzona) and the vulnerable Black-capped Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata).CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the importance of advancing and advocating for silvofishery as a primary alternative in Indonesia's mangrove conservation and rehabilitation initiatives, enhancing coastal environmental management. Community engagement is of utmost importance in the successful development of mangrove silvofishery, as it aims to tackle the issue of limited awareness and participation among the local community.

Cheetah is one of the endangered wildlife species in different countries around the world, including Iran, and has been included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Today, Iran is the only place where Asiatic Cheetahs can be found, and the latest estimates indicate that only 30 to 40 Asiatic Cheetahs remain. The present study aimed to prioritize the Ecosystem functions and services for Asiatic Cheetahs in Iran from the perspectives of experts and professionals. After a literature review, based on the 2018 Common International Classification of Ecosystem services (CICES), among Provisioning, Cultural, and Regulation and Maintenance functions, the Cultural and Regulation and Maintenance functions and 14 services were extracted for Asiatic Cheetahs in Iran. Next, by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Delphi method, the priority of functions and services was investigated in two stages. The results showed that the most important functions and services were, respectively, as follows: Cultural (4.37), Regulation and Maintenance (4.32) functions, and services related to the Bequest value (4.95) of Asiatic Cheetahs; Existence value (4.93); Educational (4.58); Aesthetic (4.47); Entertainment (recreation and ecotourism) (4.44); Symbolic (4.40); Scientific (3.67), Cultural (3.55), Biodiversity (4.82); and Disease control (3.82). The necessary measures for preventing the extinction of Asiatic Cheetahs include the construction of wildlife corridors in habitats of Cheetahs, promoting participation of communities and non-governmental organizations in the sustainable management of Cheetah habitats, and designing coins with Cheetah to attract public attention and support.

Extended Abstract Introduction Experts monitor and value the flow of goods and services produced by wetlands, some of which are traded in markets. Many other goods and services are not marketed, but economists have developed techniques to estimate the economic value of goods and services, which have complex economic and biological relationships. Market goods and services provide personal benefits, while nonmarket goods and services primarily benefit society. To estimate these values, economists have developed methods for valuing nonmarket goods. However, differences in methods, physical characteristics, and location of wetlands in the socio-economic landscape and background contribute to further differences in wetland value. This study aims to identify the type of wetland and the functions of the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland index to enable sustainable development and operation of the wetland through zoning and to determine the value and supply of Ecosystem services through planning and management of the wetland. This indicates that ecological resources of this region should be allocated to intrinsic functions with a total net benefit measured by assessing the economic benefits of each usage minus the costs. Ultimately, these services and benefits are assigned to the community.   Materials and methods The study area of the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland (22,000 ha) is located between the provinces of East and West Azerbaijan and on the edge of Bonab and Miandoab cities (37° 13' 25" N, 45° 51' 38" E). On the other hand, it is situated on the southern shore of Lake Urmia at an elevation of 1270 m above sea level (Fig. 1). This wetland includes part of the estuary of the Zarrineh Rud, Sufi Chai, Mordagh Chai, Lilan Chay, and Haji Mosayeb Chai rivers, as well as Neor Chai, which varies in proportion to the peak discharge of the above-mentioned rivers. InVEST3.7.0 is free software available under open source license. Updated versions of the tool are released approximately every three months, which include updated science or new models. First, the main InVEST models were created in ArcGIS. But now almost all models are executable in an independent form and there is no dependence on other software. This model was developed to study the fish production and their economic value in an area. Water temperature and aquaculture conditions are the main factors considered. This model provides the most accurate results using on-site temperature parameters and aquaculture operations as inputs. The model was implemented in four steps: 1) Modeling from growth stage to exploitation of aquatic species; 2) Calculating the total weight of fish produced by multiplying the number by the weight of the fish, thus eliminating the fish with lower weight and those eliminated due to natural mortality; 3) Harvesting all fish on the farm at the same time and restarting the farm after a user-defined downturn; and 4) Assessing the processed harvest as an optional and final step of the model. This study has used a conditional valuation method to value the indirect services of the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland. A questionnaire was used to determine people's willingness to pay under hypothetical market scenarios. We used a logit regression model to examine the effects of different explanatory variables on willingness to pay. Conditional Valuation Method is the only method used to estimate unused values. The amount that people were willing to pay for environmental protection was directly asked using a questionnaire. According to Venkatachalam (2004), willingness to pay is the lowest value individuals place on environmental goods. This method seeks to predict people's willingness to pay considering hypothetical market scenarios. The results of Aquaculture service modeling 1) Depending on the scale and capacity of rearing in each farm, juvenile fish up to 0.06 kg were released, leading to the production of larger fish up to 1.4 kg as fishery product. Table 1 shows the numbers and pieces of fish. The release period in each farm ranged from 20 to 70 days per year. 2) The amount of fish produced is estimated to be 280 tons per year or one breeding period after calculating the total weight of fish produced by multiplying the number of fish by their weight and eliminating lower weight fish and fish with natural mortality. Finally, all fish in the farm were harvested at the same time. 3) Reducing the inflow of the above two rivers into the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland will not only affect the water quality of the wetland, but also the volume of water in the wetland, which will also negatively affect the performance of fish farming during this period. In other words, the number of farms is reduced from 14 to 13 plots, and water quality affects the performance of the Qarah Qeshlaq and Neor Chay wetlands, reducing from 200,000 to 167934 plots over a year. 4) In terms of crop production, fish farming currently produces the most, followed by the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland, while Neor River and water supply canals are in the last place. Fig. 3 depicts the mean and standard deviation of each farm, with farms 3 and 8 having relatively high production compared to the others. The river is less productive due to the lack of human intervention and the releasing of juvenile fish into the river.   Conclusion The study area is the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland, with an area of 22 thousand hectares. About 60% of this wetland is in East Azerbaijan province, and 40% of it is located in West Azerbaijan. There are 13 types of land use in the area of the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland, which shows the diversity of land use and the active presence of human factors over nearly 22,000 hectares. Around 46% of the area is used for agricultural purposes, and about 28% of the land contains saline and infertile soil. The level of land use, its importance, and the geometric form have been effective in threatening the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland Ecosystem. In this regard, residential centers, as the center of threat, and the access road, as the development of the threat, have contributed the most to the change in land use. Among 14 land uses in the study area, 8 land uses are considered as habitats, of which agricultural lands are habitats for ewe and chicken, barren lands, pastures, salt marshes, and floodplains are habitats for waterfowls, and river, water supply channel, and Qarah Qeshlaq wetland are habitats for aquatics. Considering the average income of each household, the willingness to pay was 50000000 Rials for the villages of Qarah Qeshlaq, Ahmadabad, Salarabad, and Majidabad, with 307 native households, leading to a total amount of 6975418531 Rials for one month. The willingness to pay was 259781500 Rials for 500 non-native people, leading to a total value of 7235200031 Rials. However, based on international calculations, the economic value of the Qarah Qeshlaq wetland was estimated at 227773688 dollars per year, whose significant difference shows less attention to Ecosystem services during the lifetime of this wetland.

Natural Ecosystems provide an array of critical but largely undervalued goods and services. Because these are seldom included in benefit-cost calculations of land use change, the value of wild land development nearly always appears greater than protecting wild nature. The following paper introduces a theoretical framework within which environmental economists evaluate Ecosystem services. This is followed an assessment of three types of Ecosystem services with particular relevance to the developing world pharmaceutical drug development from native plants, the economics of non-timber product extraction, and the benefits and costs of ecotourism as a development strategy. We conclude with an overview of recent attempts to provide a global estimate of the value of nature`s services.